1985
Thorne, H.V., Clarke, G.F. and Skuce, R. (1985) The inactivation of herpes simplex virus by some Solanaceae glycoalkaloids. Antivirus Research, 5, 335-343.
doi:10.1016/0166-3542(85)90003-8
1987
Cham, B.E. and Wilson, L. (1987) HPLC of glycoalkaloids from Solanum sodomaeum L. Planta Medica, 53, 59-61.
doi:10.1055/s-2006-962621
Cham, B.E., Gilliver, M. and Wilson, L. (1987) Antitumour effects of glycoalkaloids isolated from Solanum sodomaeum L. Planta Medica, 53, 34-36.
doi:10.1055/s-2006-962612
Cham, B.E. and Meares, M.M. (1987) Glycoalkaloids from Solanum sodomaeum L. are effective in the treatment of skin cancers in man. Cancer Letters, 36, 111-118.
doi:10.1016/0304-3835(87)90081-4
1990
Daunter, B. and Cham, B.E. (1990) Solasodine glycosides. In vitro preferential cytotoxicity for human cancer cells. Cancer Letters, 55, 209-220.
doi:10.1016/0304-3835(90)90121-D
Cham, B.E. and Daunter, B. (1990) Solasodine glycosides. Selective cytotoxicity for cancer cells and inhibition of cytotoxicity by rhamnose in mice with sarcoma 180. Cancer Letters, 55, 221-225.
doi:10.1016/0304-3835(90)90122-E
1991
Cham, B.E., Daunter, B. and Evans, R. (1991) Topical treatment of malignant and premalignant skin cancers by very low concentrations of a standard mixture of solasodine glycosides. Cancer Letters, 59, 183-192.
doi:10.1016/0304-3835(91)90140-D
1993
Cham, B.E. (1993) Efficacy and mode of action of solasodine glycosides (BEC) on cancer cells. Proceedings of 4th Oceania Symposium, Bioconcepts Publishing, 41- 51.
1994
Cham, B.E. (1994) Solasodine glycosides as anti-cancer agents: Pre-clinical and clinical studies. Asia Pacific Journal of Pharmacology, 9, 113-118.
1996
Nakamura, T., Komori, C., Lee, Y., Hashinoto, F., Yahara, S., Nohara T. and Ejina, A. (1996) Cytotoxic activities of Solanum steroidal glycosides. Biological Biopharmaceutical Bulletin, 19, 564-566.
doi:10.1248/bpb.19.564
Hsu, S.H., Tsai, T.R., Lin, C.N., Yen, M.H. and Kuo, K.W. (1996) Solamargine purified from Solanum incanum Chinese herb triggers gene expression of human TNFR1 which may lead to apoptosis. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communication, 229, 1-5.
doi:10.1006/bbrc.1996.1748
Chataing, B., Concepcion, J.L., Buitrago de Cristancho, N. and Usubillaga, A. (1996) Clinical study of the effectiveness of extracts alkaloids obtained of the fruits of Solanum americanum miller on herpes simplex, herpes two zoster and genital herpes. Rev. Fac Pharmacy, Univ. Los Andes, 32, 18-25.
1998
Chang, L.C., Tsai, T.R., Wang, J.J., Lin, C.N. and Kuo, K.W. (1998) The rhamnose moiety of solamargine plays a crucial role in triggering cell death by apoptosis. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communication, 242, 21-25.
doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.7903
1999
Kuo, K.W. and Lin, C.N. (1999) Pharmacological composition for treating cancer cells. US Patent No. 6214803.
2000
Kuo, K.W., Hsu, S.H., Li, Y.P., Lin, W.L., Liu, L.F., Chang, L.C., Lin, C.C., Lin, C.N. and Sheu, H.M. (2000) Anticancer activity evaluation of the Solanum glycoalkaloid solamargine. Triggering apoptosis in human hepatoma cells. Biochemical Pharmacology, 60, 1865-1873.
doi:10.1016/S0006-2952(00)00506-2
2002
Esteves-Souza, A., Silva T.M. and Alves, C.C.F. (2002) Cytotoxic activities against Ehrlich carcinoma and human K562 leukemia of alkaloids and flavonoid from two Solanum species. Journal of Brazil Chemical Society, 13, 838- 842.
doi:10.1590/S0103-50532002000600017
Solbec Pty Ltd. http://www.solbec.com.au
2004
Lee, K.R., Kozukue, N.J., Han, S.J., Park, H., Chang, E.Y., Back, E.J., Chang J.S. and Friedman, M. (2004) Glycoalkaloids and metabolites inhibit the growth of human colon (HT29) and liver (HepG2) cancer cells. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 52, 2832-2839.
doi:10.1021/jf030526d
Liu, L.F., Liang, C.H., Shiu, L.Y., Lin, W.L., Lin, C.C. and Kuo, K.W. (2004) Action of solamargine on human lung cancer cells-enhancement of the susceptibility of cancer cells to TNFs. FEBS Letters, 577, 67-74.
doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2004.09.064
2005
Lipscombe, R.J., Carter, S.J. and Ruane, M. (2005) Rhamnose binding protein. US Patent No. 6930171.
Millward, M., Powell, A., Tyson, S., Daly, P., Ferguson, R. and Carter, S. (2005) Phase I trial of coramsine (SBP002) in patients with advanced solid tumours. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 23, 3105.
2006
He, D.J. (2006) Structure and anticancer activity of glycoalkaloids. Masters Thesis.
Ono, M., Nishimura, K.K., Suzuki, T., Fukushima, K., Igoshi, H., Yoshimitsu, H., Ikeda, T. and Nohara, T. (2006) Steroidal glycosides from the underground parts of Solanum sodomaeum. Chemical Pharmacy Bulletin, 54, 230-233.
doi:10.1248/cpb.54.230
Millward, M., Powell, A., Daly, P., Tyson, R., Ferguson, R. and Carter, S. (2006) Results of phase I clinical trials of coramsine in patients with advanced solid tumours. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 24, 2070.
2007
Shiu, L.Y., Chang, L.C., Liang, C.H., Huang, Y.S., Sheu, H.M. and Kuo, K. W. (2007) Solamargine induces apoptosis and sensitizes breast cancer cells to cisplatin. Food Chemical Toxicology, 45, 2155-2164.
doi:10.1016/j.fct.2007.05.009
Liang, C.H., Shiu, L.Y., Chang, L.C., Sheu, H.M., Kuo, K.W. (2007) Solamargine upregulation of Fas, downregulation of HER2, and enhancement of cytotoxicity using epirubicin in NSCLC cells. Molecular Nutrition Research, 51, 999-1005.
doi:10.1002/mnfr.200700044
Cham, B.E. (2007) Review article. Solasodine rhamnosyl glycosides specificallybind cancer cell receptors and induce apoptosis and necrosis. Treatment for skin cancer and hope for internal cancers. Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 2,503-514.
doi=rjbsci.2007.503.514
Cham, B.E. (2007) Solasodine rhamnosyl glycosides in a cream formulation is effective for treating large and troublesome skin cancers. Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 2, 749-761.
doi=rjbsci.2007.749.761
2008
Cham, B.E. (2008) Cancer intralesion chemotherapy with solasodine rhamnosyl glycosides. Research Journal of Biological Science, 3(9), 1008-1017.
doi=rjbsci.2008.1008.1017
Punjabi, S., Cook, L.J., Kersey, P., Marks R. and Cerio, R. (2008) Solasodine glycoalkaloids: A novel topical therapy for basal cell carcinoma. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group, multicentre study. International Journal of Dermatology, 47, 78-82.
doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2007.03363.x
2009
Shiu, L.Y., Liang, C.H., Chang, L.C., Sheu, H.M., Tsai, E.M. and Kuo, K.W. (2009) Solamargine induces apoptosis and enhances susceptibility to trastazumab and epirubicin in breast cancer cells with low or high expression levels of HER2/neu. Bioscience Reports, 29, 35-45.
doi:10.1042/BSR20080028
2010
Sun, L., Zhao, Y., Li, X., Yuan, H., Cheng, A. and Lou, H. (2010) A lysosomal-mitochondrial death pathway is induced by solamargine in human K562 leukemia cells. Toxicology in Vitro, 24, 1504-1511.
doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2010.07.013
Sun, L., Zhao, Y., Yuan, H., Li, X., Cheng A. and Lou, H. (2010) Solamargine, a steroidal alkaloid glycoside, induces oncosis in human K562 leukemia and squamous cell carcinoma KB cells. Cancer Chemotherapy Pharmacology, 65, 1125-1130.
doi: 10.1007/s00280-010-1387-9
2011
Li, X., Zhao, Y., Wu, W.K.K., Liu, S., Cui, M. and Lou, H. (2011) Solamargine induces apoptosis associated with p53 transcription-dependent and transcription-independent pathways in human osteosarcoma U20S cells. Life Science, 88, 314-321.
doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2010.12.006
Wang, Y., Gao, J., Gu, G., Li, G., Cui, C., Sun, B. and Lou, H. (2011) In situ RBLreceptor visualization and its mediated anticancer activity for solasodinerhamnosides. Chemistry Biochemistry, 12, 2418-2420.
doi:10.1002/cbic.201100551
Li, X., Zhao, Y., Ji, M., Liu, S.S., Cui, M. and Lou, H.X. (2011) Induction of actin disruption and downregulation of HER2, and enhancement of cytotoxicity using epirubicin in NSCLC cells. Molecular Nutrition Research, 51(8), 999-1005.
doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200700044
Cham, B.E. (2011) Topical solasodine rhamnosyl glycosides derived from the eggplant treats large skin cancers: Two case reports. International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2, 473-477.
doi:10.4236/ijcm.2011.24080
Tavares, D.C., Munari, C.C., Araujo, M.G., Beltrame, M.C., Furtado, M.H., Goncalves, C.C., Tiossi, R.F., Bastos, J.K., Cunha, W.R. and Veneziani, R.C. (2011) Antimutagenic potential of Solanum lycocarpum against induction of chromosomal aberrations in V79 and micronuclei in mice by doxorubicin. Planta Medica, 77, 1489- 1494.
doi:10.1055/s-0030-1270886
Tang, Z., Zhang, Y., Li, N., Xu, L., Zhao, B., Xiao, W., Wang, Z. and Bi, Y. (2011) Extraction, purification technology and antineoplastic effects of solamargine. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, Journal of Chinese Material Medicine, 36(16), 2192-2195.
Wu, C.H., Liang, C.H., Shiu, L.Y., Chang, L.C., Lin, T.S., Lan, C.E.R., Tsai, J.C., Wong, T.W., Wei, K.J., Lin, T.K., Chang, N.S. and Sheu, H.M. (2011) Solanum incanum extract (SR-T100) induces human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma apoptosis through modulating tumor necrosis factor receptor signaling pathway. Journal of Dermatological Science, 63, 83-92.
doi: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2011.04.003
Chase, T.R. (2011) Curaderm BEC5 for skin cancers, is it? An overview. Journal of Cancer Therapy, 2, 728-745.
doi:10.4236/jct.2011.25099
Goldberg, L.H., Landau, J.M., Moody, M.N. and Vergilis Kalner, I.J. (2011) Treatment of Bowen?s disease on the penis with low concentration of a standard mixture of solasodine glycosides and liquid nitrogen. Dermatologic Surgery, 37, 858-861.
doi:10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02014.x
2012
Cham, B.E. and Chase, T.R. (2012) Solasodine rhamnosyl glycosides cause apoptosis in cancer cells. Do they also prime the immune system resulting in long-term protection against cancer? Planta Medica, 78, 349-353.
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1298149
Ding, X., Zhu, F.S., Li, M. and Gao, S.G. (2012) Induction of apoptosis in human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells by solamargine from Solanum nigrum L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 39, 599-604.
doi:10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.058
Cham, B.E. (2012) Intralesion and Curaderm BEC5 topical combination therapies of solasodine rhamnosyl glycosides derived from the eggplant or devil?s apple result in a rapid removal of large skin cancers. Methods of treatment compared. International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 3, 115-124.
doi: 10.4236/ijcm.2012.32024
2013
Cham, B.E. (2013) Inspired by nature, proven by science. The new generation cancer treatment that causes cancer cells to commit suicide. Published.
www.curadermbec5.com
Cham, B.E. (2013) Solasodine glycosides: A topical therapy for actinic keratosis.A single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group study with CuradermBEC5
doi: 10.4236/jct.2013.42076
Cham, B.E. (2013) Topical CuradermBEC5 Skin Cancer: A Review of Clinical Outcomes. International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 4(5), 233-238.
doi: 10.4236/ijcm.2013.45041
Cham, B.E. (2013) Drug Therapy: Solamargine and other solasodine rhamnosyl glycosides as anticancer agents. Modern Chemotherapy, 2(2), 33-49.
doi: 10.4236/mc.2013.22005
2014
Cham, B.E. (2014) A Review of Solasodine Rhamnosides Therapy for Cancers on the Penis. British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research, 4(2), 621-631.
doi: 10.9734/BJMMR/2014/4677